Friday, February 15, 2013

Stories from Srimad Bhagavatam-6



















































































































Stories from Srimad Bhagavatam








Chapter 37: Bhakti personified


Living away from Brindavana for a long time, Krishna became concerned about the welfare of his foster parents whose genuine affection had never made him feel the absence of his real parents. He was also keen on knowing about the gopis, with whom he had a bond of relationship as inseparable as vital air and life. With good tidings and fond enquiries, he sent his dear friend Uddhava, disciple of Brihaspati, to Brindavana. Exhilarated Nanda embraced him with love as if he were Krishna himself. He made kind enquiries of Vasudeva and was anxious to know if the two brothers had happily adjusted to the new environment. In consequence, he hoped that their dear son Krishna had not forgotten him or his mother Yashoda, or the gopis and his cowherd friends, whose thoughts are always pervaded by Krishna. Nanda was overcome with nostalgia, recollecting the memories of their happy association with him who had also been a saviour on many occasions. He told Uddhava that once in a way, he had a doubt flashing across his mind about Krishna never returning to Vraja but he was instantly sure that the endearing boy would not desert them. Uddhava assured Nanda thus, “The universal Being would surely return to Vraja. The Lord who dwells within all human beings is aware of the yearnings of his devotees. His gracious nature satisfies their desires though he is unsullied by any kind of emotional disturbances.”

            The next morning, Uddhava was pleasantly surprised with the gopis singing in praise of Krishna keeping the tune and beat in accordance with the sound of churning of curds. The conversation among the gopis and their dedication to Krishna was a revelation to Uddhava. To him they appeared as bhakti personified. Spotting the golden chariot outside Nanda’s mansion, they were intrigued at the sudden appearance of a person whose whereabouts or identity, they could not decipher. They made wild guesses. Their first thought went to Akrura whom they had met earlier. But when Uddhava appeared before them, they were stunned with admiration by his handsome youthful looks. They wondered who he could be, whence he had come or the purpose of his visit. His demeanour and dress, they thought, resembled that of Achyuta. With uncontainable curiosity, they approached Uddhava to get their doubts cleared. As soon as they were told that he had come from Mathura at Krishna’s bidding, their first reaction was a bashful smile with reverence and humility. In excitement, they enquired at the very outset about the well being of their dear Lord.

Immediately, feigning anger at Krishna for his prolonged absence, they said, “Krishna has sent you here only to find out about the welfare of his parents. Besides that we do not see any purpose of your visit. Though our thoughts are always running towards Krishna like uncontrolled horses, we have become non-entities as far as he is concerned. Memories of his pranks as a child, his frisking the cowboys to various houses for butter, the music from the divine flute, his dance with us on the moonlit night are fresh in our mind but now we think that the portrayal of so much affection and intimacy with all of us was mere pretence on his part. He has stolen our hearts just the way he stole the butter. If his feelings were genuine, how could he possibly break away from us, not visiting Vraja even once? His new found attraction is the devotion of the women of Mathura that has weaned him from his old dedicated acquaintances. Our life is dragging on mechanically, barren and destitute without him.” After the emotional outburst they could not carry on in the same strain any longer. Their love for Krishna was stronger than the initial spurt of depression which made them say what they did not really mean. They mellowed down and showed their anxiety for his welfare. They were eager to know if Krishna was ever reminded about his wonderful time with them or longed to come back to live in their midst. They told Uddhava that they were waiting for the day when the Lord would give them a chance to serve him again. They asked him to extend their loving invitation to Krishna and that he should make an early visit to revive their happy days. The dust of Vraja had to be sanctified by the feet of the Lord once more. That would give the gopis the satisfaction of living in his company even when he was not with them.

            Uddhava had been very proud of his knowledge by his mastery over the scriptural studies. When he heard the gopis speak, he realised that his knowledge was half baked in comparison. These simple women humbled him by the maturity of mind in the understanding of the subtle truth of life’s philosophy and also the greatness of Lord. They needed no scripture to teach them because their intellectual awareness had come to them naturally. They had taught him the meaning and the value of devotion. Uddhava overtly expressed his admiration for their single-minded devotion and complete dedication to Krishna. He felt the steadfast devotion of the gopis had secured the union with the Lord, a privilege not obtainable even after vigorous penances. Uddhava told them their meeting with Krishna was not far away. Even though he was in Mathura, his thoughts were with the gopis. Separation is not cutting asunder the relationship but strengthening the bond of love and devotion. Krishna’s distance from the gopis would only enhance their spiritual proximity. As if reiterating the oft quoted expression, ‘Nearer the temple farther from God’ Uddhava went on to make clear the underlying truth to the gopis. He said that the ecstasy would fade away with continuous association. Just as in real life too, we experience the value of a thing only in its absence. Separation carries the emphatic message that a mixture of good and bad, happiness and sorrow, a combination of opposite experiences enables us to judge one in contrast to the other and help realize the true value. Separation creates yearning of the heart which purifies the mind to keep away from unwanted distractions and directs it to God alone. In the Rasa-Leela, the gopis found Krishna only through the chastening of the mind. When Uddhava wanted to take leave of the gopis, their message for Krishna was, “O Lord! Your social elevation is worth the hand of a princess. We are aware of Pingala’s declaration that the height of happiness is sweetest in disappointment. Yet our craving for you, Krishna, persists with a distant hope of meeting you some day. We are like withered flowers in your absence. Do come and string us together and wear us as your garland vanamala.We wish, whatever be our next birth, our actions should always please you, Lord. We pray you should be a life buoy to our sinking boats.” Uddhava's lecture on the philosophy of life had no impact on the gopis suffering in viyoga (pining in separation). Their life revolved round only love for the Lord and nothing else was of any importance to them. They wanted to be united with the lord whose memories were locked up in their hearts

            Uddhava, before leaving Brindavana, revelled on his parting impressions. He was all admiration for the unflinching devotion and the unsophisticated purity of heart of the simple cowherd women. Renouncing all worldly desires, they had boldly overcome the social barriers on the night of the Rasa-Leela for communion with God. While the gopis wanted ever-lasting company of the Lord, Uddhava wanted to be born as plants and trees of Brindavana where one had the picturesque vision of the purity of God’s creation in the persons of the loving gopis. He thought he would be blessed to have association with the dust on which the devout gopis had trodden, they who worshipped the dust of the Lord’s feet.

Chapter 38: Fort under ocean


The daitya king Kamsa had two wives named Asthi and Prapthi. They went to their father Jarasandha, the king of Magadha, with their pathetic story of the demise of their husband. Jarasandha was heart broken to find his daughters in such sorrow. He impulsively thought of destroying the entire community of the Yadavas. With a large army, he marched towards the capital city of the Yadus. Krishna decided that the time had come for him to lessen the burden of mother earth by vanquishing the evil minded people, the primary mission of his incarnation. The purpose could be achieved by destroying the enemy army except Jarasandha. Only then would he be able to create situations to provoke Jarasandha, leading to the death of many more wicked men.

            While Krishna was contemplating thus, a couple of golden chariots descended from the sky, laden with various powerful weapons. Krishna told Sankarshana, “You can see for yourself the magnitude of the calamity posed before the Yadus of whom you are the Lord. You take the chariot containing weapons of your choice to appropriately repulse Jarasandha’s challenge. In order to keep our promise to earth, we must ascertain that the army of the enemy is extinct." Determined on a prompt action, they came out of the city.  Krishna blew his conch, the resonance of which rattled the enemies to the core. Jarasandha, arrogant about his power as a warrior, thought it was humiliating for him to accept the challenge of a boy who was no match to him. So he called upon Balarama to come forward. He mockingly told Balarama that he need not have hopes of being the victor as the risk of his becoming a victim was greater. Krishna returned the undignified words with an equally strong rebuke. He said, “A true hero never sings his own glories but displays his manliness in action. Blowing ones trumpet is considered uncivil. You cannot threaten us by your empty weightless words.” Krishna by his volley of arrows and Balarama by his dexterity with the mace made the enemy lick dust. Jarasandha’s army fell to the ground lifeless. Balarama pulled down Jarasandha from his chariot and caught him in the varuni noose. A human ring captured him in an inescapable cage. Balarama could have smashed his head with a single blow but was stopped by Krishna as Jarasandha’s contribution was important for carrying forward his mission. Jarasandha fell in his own esteem by Krishna’s little act of mercy. His ridicule of Krishna as being chick of a boy who was no match to his valour, boomeranged on Jarasandha with the same force. His subordinate kings dissuaded Jarasandha from becoming a recluse. He, therefore, retreated with his head hung in shame. With the battle over, the people came out of their hidings to applaud the victory of the brothers with the sounding of tabors, music and showers of flowers.



            Jarasandha attacked the Yadavas persistently seventeen times but every time he cut a sorry figure. Narada, anticipating another attack, sent Kala Yavana with a large retinue to earth. Seeing Kala Yavana on a spree to seize the city, Krishna could rightly conjecture the reaction of Jarasandha. Krishna knew that Jarasandha would  be out with his army as well. It would be difficult for the Yadavas to handle the double pronged attack from two armies. Krishna suggested to his brother they build an impregnable fort under the ocean where the Yadavas could live free from harm. Agreeing on the plan as the ideal solution, they took the assistance of the celestial architect Vishvakarma. It was a well planned fort with the necessary amenities. The celestial deities provided the comforts they could offer Krishna. The golden summits and the gem studded canopies of the fort made it appear like paradise on earth.

          [In the Dvapara yuga, if the technique of under water construction was known, it is not surprising to find road tunnels below water connecting various parts of cities in the modern world. In Hongkong, a road tunnel under the ocean connects it to the mainland, Kowloon. Similar connection of the places on the either banks of river Thames is found. Dover to Calais, across the English channel, is the famous under water tunnel for transport]..
           
            Krishna made sure that all the Vrishnis had taken residence in the fort. He walked out of the fort to face the challenge of Kala Yavana. Based on the description of Narada about the conspicuous marks of identification of Krishna, he saw the form of Vishnu in him. Since Krishna was unarmed, Kala Yavana decided not to carry any weapon with him. Krishna intelligently started running with his back towards Yavana. He easily fell into Krishna’s trick and thought he was making an escape. He laughed at Krishna saying he, a cowherd, was shying away from battle like a coward. Chasing with all his might, Yavana found it impossible to lay his hands on Krishna. Following his enemy, he found himself led into a dark cave. Yavana saw a man sleeping whom he mistook for Krishna pretending to be lying with his eyes closed. Since he saw Krishna enter the cave before him and not finding any other exit through which he could have escaped, Yavana concluded that the sleeping man was none other than Krishna. In anger, he kicked the person who lay there. The man disturbed in his sleep opened his eyes. The fiery radiance from his eyes reduced Yavana to ashes.

The daitya king Kamsa had two wives named Asthi and Prapthi. They went to their father Jarasandha, the king of Magadha, with their pathetic story of the demise of their husband. Jarasandha was heart broken to find his daughters in such sorrow. He impulsively thought of destroying the entire community of the Yadavas. With a large army, he marched towards the capital city of the Yadus. Krishna decided that the time had come for him to lessen the burden of mother earth by vanquishing the evil minded people, the primary mission of his incarnation. The purpose could be achieved by destroying the enemy army except Jarasandha. Only then would he be able to create situations to provoke Jarasandha, leading to the death of many more wicked men.

            While Krishna was contemplating thus, a couple of golden chariots descended from the sky, laden with various powerful weapons. Krishna told Sankarshana, “You can see for yourself the magnitude of the calamity posed before the Yadus of whom you are the Lord. You take the chariot containing weapons of your choice to appropriately repulse Jarasandha’s challenge. In order to keep our promise to earth, we must ascertain that the army of the enemy is extinct." Determined on a prompt action, they came out of the city.  Krishna blew his conch, the resonance of which rattled the enemies to the core. Jarasandha, arrogant about his power as a warrior, thought it was humiliating for him to accept the challenge of a boy who was no match to him. So he called upon Balarama to come forward. He mockingly told Balarama that he need not have hopes of being the victor as the risk of his becoming a victim was greater. Krishna returned the undignified words with an equally strong rebuke. He said, “A true hero never sings his own glories but displays his manliness in action. Blowing ones trumpet is considered uncivil. You cannot threaten us by your empty weightless words.” Krishna by his volley of arrows and Balarama by his dexterity with the mace made the enemy lick dust. Jarasandha’s army fell to the ground lifeless. Balarama pulled down Jarasandha from his chariot and caught him in the varuni noose. A human ring captured him in an inescapable cage. Balarama could have smashed his head with a single blow but was stopped by Krishna as Jarasandha’s contribution was important for carrying forward his mission. Jarasandha fell in his own esteem by Krishna’s little act of mercy. His ridicule of Krishna as being chick of a boy who was no match to his valour, boomeranged on Jarasandha with the same force. His subordinate kings dissuaded Jarasandha from becoming a recluse. He, therefore, retreated with his head hung in shame. With the battle over, the people came out of their hidings to applaud the victory of the brothers with the sounding of tabors, music and showers of flowers.



            Jarasandha attacked the Yadavas persistently seventeen times but every time he cut a sorry figure. Narada, anticipating another attack, sent Kala Yavana with a large retinue to earth. Seeing Kala Yavana on a spree to seize the city, Krishna could rightly conjecture the reaction of Jarasandha. Krishna knew that Jarasandha would  be out with his army as well. It would be difficult for the Yadavas to handle the double pronged attack from two armies. Krishna suggested to his brother they build an impregnable fort under the ocean where the Yadavas could live free from harm. Agreeing on the plan as the ideal solution, they took the assistance of the celestial architect Vishvakarma. It was a well planned fort with the necessary amenities. The celestial deities provided the comforts they could offer Krishna. The golden summits and the gem studded canopies of the fort made it appear like paradise on earth.

          [In the Dvapara yuga, if the technique of under water construction was known, it is not surprising to find road tunnels below water connecting various parts of cities in the modern world. In Hongkong, a road tunnel under the ocean connects it to the mainland, Kowloon. Similar connection of the places on the either banks of river Thames is found. Dover to Calais, across the English channel, is the famous under water tunnel for transport]..
           
            Krishna made sure that all the Vrishnis had taken residence in the fort. He walked out of the fort to face the challenge of Kala Yavana. Based on the description of Narada about the conspicuous marks of identification of Krishna, he saw the form of Vishnu in him. Since Krishna was unarmed, Kala Yavana decided not to carry any weapon with him. Krishna intelligently started running with his back towards Yavana. He easily fell into Krishna’s trick and thought he was making an escape. He laughed at Krishna saying he, a cowherd, was shying away from battle like a coward. Chasing with all his might, Yavana found it impossible to lay his hands on Krishna. Following his enemy, he found himself led into a dark cave. Yavana saw a man sleeping whom he mistook for Krishna pretending to be lying with his eyes closed. Since he saw Krishna enter the cave before him and not finding any other exit through which he could have escaped, Yavana concluded that the sleeping man was none other than Krishna. In anger, he kicked the person who lay there. The man disturbed in his sleep opened his eyes. The fiery radiance from his eyes reduced Yavana to ashes.

Now, who was this man residing in an uninhabited mountain cave whose immaculate power could kill Yavana? Could he be some kind of illusive creation of Krishna? To clarify all doubts, Bhagavatam gives a flash back of his life
.
            The person sleeping in the cave was Muchukunda by name of the Ikshvaku dynasty and the son of Mandhata. When the celestials were oppressed by the asuras, Indra requested Muchukunda for help. He resigned from all worldly connections and placed himself as the bodyguard of the deities for a long time. When Kartikeya, Shiva’s son, became the commander-in-chief of the celestial army, the deities graciously decided to relieve the faithful Muchukunda from the responsibility. Having lived with the gods for a long time, Muchukunda could not meet his relatives on earth. This was because of the difference in the duration of day and night between the gods and human beings. One day of the gods makes a year on earth. The first six months of the humans are the day’s waking hours of the celestials while the latter six months constitute their night. The two divisions of the gods’ day are called Uttarayana and Dakshinayana respectively.
           
            [In the Mahabharatha war, Bhishma waited for the dawn of Uttarayana to give up his life as it is the auspicious time, when the gods would be awake to bless the person.]        

            Blessed by the gods to relax his over worked body through deep sleep, Muchukunda came to the mountain cave. Krishna appeared before him, revealing the divine qualities of Vishnu on his body. Muchukunda was mightily pleased to have a vision of the Lord. Krishna offered him a boon but Muchukunda opted to serve the Lord, instead of returning to the grinding worldly life. Krishna appreciated his attitude of not succumbing to the temptation of boons. Yet, the Lord said he had to take another birth in the world to wash away his sins accrued in the present birth. Despite his pious life, the sins were the result of his killing out of compulsion as a kshatriya and his craze for hunting. The merits of his present good actions, would help him be a brahmana by birth in his next lfe, engaging in pious deeds and show kindness to animals as well. Free from his sins, he would find a place in his abode, emancipated from the cycle of life. Muchukunda went to the mountain Badri in the north and in the temple of Nara-Narayana got engrossed in the meditation of the Lord.



            With the destruction of the Mlecchas who were the army of Kala Yavana, Krishna returned to Mathura with their wealth for distribution among the people. Suddenly they saw a big battalion of soldiers led by Jarasandha approach them. Acting fear, the brothers speedily walked away, dropping all the riches, to appear as escaping from the attack. Jarasandha could not see through the game and was happy at terrorizing Balarama and Krishna. He chased them a long distance until they swiftly vanished into the thick forest of a mountain. Jarasandha scanned through the entire forest but could not locate them anywhere. Struck by the idea to set fire to the whole forest on the mountain, he ordered his army accordingly. The two brothers jumped from a cliff and escaped into the city unperceived. Jarasandha was under the impression that the fire had consumed his enemies. Content at heart, he returned to his kingdom

Chapter 39: Rukmini marries Krishna


 As time went by, Balarama and Krishna reached the marriageable age. Brahma sent Raivata, the king of Avartta to Mathura. He gave his beautiful daughter Revati in marriage to Balarama. Krishna’s wedding was action packed with excitement which made the proceedings very absorbing.

            Bhishmaka, the king of Vidarbha had five sons and a daughter Rukmini. She was believed to be the incarnation of Goddess Lakshmi. Rukmini was impressed by Krishna’s prowess and accomplishments. Krishna too was attracted by Rukmini’s beauty, large-heartedness and exemplary character. Mutual fascination aroused the desire in both to come together in wedlock. Of the sons, the eldest son Rukmi was assertive. He acted as a spoke in their relationship. Arbitrarily, he decided on Shishupala, the king of Chedi, as the prospective groom for his sister Rukmini, much against her wish. She was desperate to inform Krishna about her marriage proceedings and reveal to him her strong choice in his favour. She wanted to send a proposal to him but hesitated to initiate her own marriage. Finding no other alternative, she decided to send a brahmana to Dvaraka with a letter to Krishna. She wrote, “O Lord! My heart has been invaded by your handsome personality and glorious deeds. I cannot even dream of another man being my husband. It is natural for any woman, who knows your blemishless character as well as your high lineage, to desire your hand. I yearn for you and I hope you will gratify my desire. My marriage with Shishupala has been fixed for tomorrow. I would suggest we get married by the rakshasa mode of marriage, one of the eight methods approved by the Hindu scriptures. According to this, the bride is carried away by force after killing the bride’s relations. I also have another idea to avoid killing my family people. Tomorrow morning, as is customary, I will be led in a procession to the temple of Uma. That would be the opportune moment for you to abduct me. So you will have to reach here well in time for the procession. Failing to win your favour, I will go on hunger strike till death.”

  Krishna went into quick action. He harnessed his best steeds with Daruka as the charioteer. In the company of Balarama and the brahmana, he covered the long distance overnight. Balarama anticipated a stiff opposition when he heard about Krishna’s abduction plan. Therefore he went with ample army protection, equipped to retaliate, if the situation called for it.

            Bhishmaka was making lavish arrangements for his daughter’s marriage with Shishupala. Bhishmaka and Shishupala’s father, Damaghosha, individually performed the propitiatory rituals and offered gifts to the brahmanas with reverence. In the meanwhile, Rukmini was getting restless as the brahmana she had sent to Krishna had not returned even after dusk. She was apprehensive that her action was impulsive and had earned Krishna’s displeasure. She also doubted that it did not have the approval of the divine couple Maheshvara and Parvati, their tutelary deities. While Rukmini’s thoughts were oscillating between uncertainty and hope, the brahmana’s arrival in the inner apartments infused life and delight in her. When Bhishmaka heard of the arrival of Balarama and Krishna, he thought they had come with eagerness to participate in the wedding festivities of Rukmini. He extended a wonderful welcome to the honourable guests.

            The people of Vidarbha were all admiration for Krishna. They thought he would be an ideal match for their princess and prayed that God should make the union possible. Rukmini was led to the temple of Ambika, next morning, in a well guarded procession. Rukmini meditating on Mukunda [Krishna], entered the temple along with the wives of the brahmanas. Those women asked her to pray to the family gods to bless her with the good fortune of having Krishna as her husband. These words were pleasing to the heart as they were a resonance of her thoughts. The brahmana wives made the necessary propitiations to the Goddess along with Rukmini and she broke her fast by partaking the remnants of the offering. As she came out of the temple, she looked round to spot Krishna. Not knowing the secret of Rukmini's plans nor Rukmi's decision, the hearts of the numerous kings assembled to try their luck were throbbing expectantly.



            When she approached Krishna, he effortlessly lifted her and drove her away in his chariot. While Shishupala’s friends thought that the marriage between him and Rukmini was a forgone conclusion, they stood aghast at the turn of events. Jarasandha and many other kings cursed themselves for helplessly looking on while a mere cowherd carried away the coveted prize. They said, “Fie upon us to call ourselves warriors. We are unworthy of wielding the bow and arrow.” The enemy army chasing Krishna’s chariot, faced a severe blow and they soon marched a retreat. Crest fallen Shishupala was comforted by Jarasandha who quoted his own case as a morale booster. He said, “I have been defeated by Krishna seventeen times but I am not demoralized. I am still hopeful of a win against that cowherd boy. Krishna’s luck is at present in the ascendancy. But in the near future, it will surely come down like the rim of a wheel, when we can ensure our victory over him.” The lion with his pride shattered, was somewhat consoled and he returned, licking his wounds.

            Rukmi took it as a personal insult because this match had been opposed by him from the very beginning. He refused to accept defeat. His mind was overpowered by two thoughts, revenge on Krishna and the recovery of his dear sister. He vowed not to rest in peace till he had successfully executed his resolve. He attacked Krishna with great vigour but all his arrows were arrested and his sword broken to pieces. When Krishna was about to kill Rukmi, Rukmini fell at his feet and pleaded to spare her brother’s life. Out of respect for her words, he tied him with a cloth. Shaving half of his head and beard, Krishna inflicted the most severe humiliation on Rukmi.

   
            Rukmi decided to keep away from his kingdom, ashamed of facing people with his disfigurement and also he had not yet carried out his vow. He built a huge city named Bhojakuta, on the outskirts of his kingdom and established himself there, not to move out till he had avenged his insult. Krishna and Rukmini were received with thunderous welcome. Amidst all round celebration, they were married. Though the Krishna-Rukmini episode evoked astonishment, it was conducive to universal acclaim. Krishna being the Supreme Lord and Rukmini his divine consort, their union was inevitable on earth

Chapter 40: Pradyumna


 Kamadeva, cupid, the god of love, was reduced to ashes by the fiery third eye of Shiva. Kamadeva was another form of Vasudeva. Therefore he requested Krishna to restore his form and life. Krishna agreed and as a result he was born as Pradyumna, the son of Krishna and Rukmini. An asura by the name Samvara kidnapped the ten day old infant and threw him into the ocean. He was anticipating his death at the hands of the boy.

A fish swallowed the infant, which made its way to Samvara’s kitchen. When the fish was cut, the child was found alive in its belly. Mayavati, popularly known as Rati, the wife of Kamadeva, adopted the child and reared him like her own son. As days went by, she began to visualise her husband in that child. This fact was substantiated by Narada who informed her of the infant’s life. She started treating the child reverentially as her husband Kama and the mother-son relationship ceased. Rati’s unusual behaviour annoyed Pradyumna and he expressed his displeasure. Then Rati narrated his adventurous life. She told him how sorrowful it would have been for his mother Rukmini to lose her son. She advised him to act promptly to kill the asura who was a mayavi, possessing the power to take various forms at will. Rati taught Pradyumna the mahamayavidya, to counteract the asura’s illusory power.

 Now well equipped to take up the asura, Pradyumna proceeded for a battle against him. There was a terrible fight between the two, each trying to score over the other. When Pradyumna threw his mace, the asura rose to the sky and began pelting stones from that height at his opponent. Floating in mid air, he tried to evade the counter attack. Pradyumna, after a prolonged fight, used the mahamayavidya against all the tactics of the asura and succeeded in killing him.

            Rati and Pradyumna, one day, entered the inner apartment at Dvaraka. The women hid themselves, feeling shy at the sudden entry of Krishna. Immediately they were able to see that the look alike person in their apartment was someone else and not their Lord. While they were puzzled about the identity of the man accompanied by a pretty woman, Krishna, Rukmini, Balarama, Vasudeva and Devaki entered. At the sight of the youth, Rukmini’s memories went back to her lost son Pradyumna. She thought her son would have been this boy’s age now if he had lived. As she continued to look at the boy, she saw a close resemblance to Krishna creating a strong feeling of the return of her long lost son. Arrival of Narada, at this juncture, cleared all doubts because Krishna, though he knew everything, maintained silence as if taking pleasure in the happenings. Narada gave a resumé of the early life of Pradyumna. Rukmini’s joy was beyond words, at the safe return of her son

Interesting Anecdotes


Kamadeva turned to ashes: Kamadeva was the second son of Dharma, one of the Prajapatis born of Brahma. He had two brothers, Shama and Harsha. Kama was the most handsome of the three. He became the god of love, passion and beauty.
            There are two stories about Kama being reduced to ashes by Shiva's wrath. Though the first story is linked to the second, the latter stands independent as an oft quoted popular legend in this regard. Brahma, the creator, fell in love with goddess Sarasvati, his own creation. Though he placed her on the tongue of each of his creation, he  made her his wife, being captivated by her beauty. Delayed realisation of his immoral action aroused his anger against Kamadeva for kindling passion in him. He cursed Kama to become a victim to the fiery anger of Shiva. But this curse was executed only later. To explain this delay, another story is linked to it.
            After the death of Sati, Shiva, determined not to marry again, retired to the Himalayas for observing rigorous penance. At that time, demon Taraka had become invincible by a boon that only the son of Shiva could slay him. He harassed the gods and became Indra by winning over the Indraloka. As lord of the gods, he was aware of Parvati's determination to marry none other than Shiva and that she was engaged in a deep penance for successful achievement of her goal. In an attempt to exploit his power and authority, Taraka arrogantly sent Kamadeva to distract Shiva in meditation. He commanded him to aim his arrows of passion towards Maheshvara, in favour of Parvati. Shiva was furious at the bold attempt of the god of love. As his normal pair of eyes were engrossed in meditation, he opened his third eye in the middle of his forehead. The flood of fire, emitting from his third eye, was shot at Kama, reducing him to ashes. Despite Rati's pleadings to restore the life of her husband, Shiva would not relent. So, he was destined to live forever without a physical form-ananga.

Chapter 41: Rukmi meets his fate


The simmering anger of Rukmi flared up beyond control even at the very thought of Krishna while along side, his love for his sister was proportionately increasing. He was aware that marriage among children of brother and sister did not have scriptural sanction. Yet, his bond of affection took precedence. Disregarding his hatred for Krishna, he brought about a number of marriages within the family. Rukmini’s son Pradyumna married Rukmi’s daughter in a svayamvara. Aniruddha, son of Pradyumna and grandson of Rukmini accepted the hand of Rochana, grand-daughter of Rukmi. Rukmini’s daughter Charumati became the wife of Bali, son of Keertivarman.

            Krishna’s entire family went to Bhojakuta for the marriage of Aniruddha and Rochana. After the celebrations, Rukmi was prodded by the other kings to have a game of dice with Balarama. They assured Rukmi that he stood on firm grounds for settling old scores as Balarama was not very good at the game. Excited at his good prospects, he invited Balarama to the game. Balarama lost a number of games and Rukmi ridiculed his opponent with a broad smile exposing his complete set of teeth.

Extremely over confident, Rukmi put up the stake to one lakh of rupees. Unfortunately, he lost this game but by deceit declared himself victorious. Balarama was digusted with Rukmi’s dishonesty and challenged him for a crore of rupees. Losing this game also, Rukmi thought his manipulation would work again and declared the august assembly as witness to his victory. Contradicting his announcement, a heavenly voice condemned him for resorting to falsehood when he had actually lost the bet.

            Ignoring the heavenly voice, Rukmi called Balarama as belonging to the forest bred cowherd community in an insulting tone. Rukmi said with pride of lineage, “Only kshatriyas like us know the game of dice and the techniques of warfare. You ignorant forest rangers! Can you, with confidence, claim superiority over us in any field that requires skill?” Balarama was very patient all through but now he thought he had come to his tether’s end. Unable to contain his anger, he killed Rukmi with his mace and pulled out his set of teeth arrogantly displayed just a little earlier. The other supporters of Rukmi, battered by the mace, fled from the assembly. Balarama’s achievement gave immense satisfaction to his people. Aniruddha and his newly wedded wife Rochana went to Kaushasthali from Bhojakuta on a wonderful chariot.

Chapter 42: Syamantaka retrieved


King of Nighna, Satrajit, was a great friend and a devotee of the sun god. As an expression of his pleasure over their friendship, the sun god made a gift of the celebrated syamantaka jewel to Satrajit. Once when Satrajit went to Dvaraka wearing the jewel round his neck, the inhabitants of the city were engulfed in fear by its blinding radiance. They thought that the sun god was after Krishna, having spied his secret existence among the Yadavas. They reported their fear to Krishna. He explained to them that it was Satrajit resplendent with the lustre of the jewel on his body. The unique quality of the jewel was that it could ward off famine, evils, premature death and any other calamity of the person possessing it. When Krishna asked Satrajit to give the jewel to the king of the Yadavas, he refused to part with it.

One day, Satrajit’s brother Prasenajit wore the jewel while going hunting in the forest. When he did not return, Satrajit suspected Krishna for killing him for the sake of the jewel. This rumour spread like wild fire maligning the blemishless character of Krishna. To clear the wrong notion, Krishna set out in search of Prasenajit. He soon found Prasenajit and his horse mauled by a lion, which in turn had been killed by a bear. Finding the dark cave of the bear, Krishna asked his men to stay outside, while he went in. There he found the bear cubs playing with the jewel, as if it were a toy. Krishna waited for a chance to get the jewel. The caretaker bear was stunned at the brilliance of the person in the cave and in fear shrieked which alerted Jambavan, the king of the bears. To ward off the danger to his cubs, Jambavan impulsively started a fight with Krishna, not noticing his divine form. The combat continued for eighteen days, at the end of which the bear was drained of his strength by a blow from Krishna’s fist. Feebly looking up at the man before him, the bear recognised him as the Paramapurusha Vishnu. In the Ramavatara of Vishnu, Rama had sought the help of monkeys and bears of whom Jambavan was one of Rama’s prominent advisers. They constructed a bridge across the ocean to reach Lanka to rescue Sita from the ten headed Ravana. Regretting his callousness towards the Supreme Lord, Jambavan began to sing his praise. Receiving the jewel, Krishna told him that the jewel was only an excuse. He had left his men outside and entered the cave alone only to relieve Jambavan from a brahmana’s curse. He expressed his gratitude and received Krishna’s blessings.

The people outside waited for twelve days impatiently for Krishna’s return.Then they concluded that he had been killed by the bear. Depressed at losing Krishna, they went back home. The news about Krishna’s death was a terrible shock to his parents and all the citizens. Immersed in inconsolable sorrow, they cursed Satrajit for being the cause of the disaster. With a ray of hope, everyone prayed to Durga to save the life of their Janardana [Krishna] and help his safe return. As if in answer to their prayers, Krishna came back to Dvaraka but not alone. He had Jambavati, the daughter of Jambavan, with him, who was given in marriage by her father as a reverential gift.

Krishna called Satrajit to take back his jewel. He narrated in detail as to how he had secured it. Satrajit was ashamed for the aspersions he had cast on Krishna’s character, without ascertaining the truth. The guilt feeling denied him peace of mind. He was thinking of making amends for his blunder. Giving his dear daughter,  Satyabhama, in marriage to Krishna and also gifting the jewel appeared to be the best reconciliation he could think of. Krishna accepted the hand of Satyabhama but with regard to the jewel he said, “This is a gift to you from your friend, the sun god, for your devotion. Therefore, you are the legitimate owner. You must retain it as our king. Under your able protection, we are blessed to be the fortunate subjects. We will merely enjoy the benefits of the jewel.” With these words, Satrajit and Krishna parted as friends.

General expectation would be that the confusion created by the syamantaka was over with the hand shake of Satrajit and Krishna. But it was not to be so because it had to be instrumental in rolling of a couple of heads. More than that, Akrura, the trusted friend of Krishna, had to be reprimanded for his dishonesty with regard to the jewel. For the sake of the jewel, he had changed his loyalty like a chameleon that alters its colour to its surrounding. The change of attitude occurred when Krishna was in Hastinapur with the Kauravas, to grieve the death of his Pandava relations in the Jatugriha [house of lac].

Akrura and Kirtivarman advised Shatadhanu to kill Satrajit and get possession of the syamantaka jewel. Misguided Shatadhanu did likewise and obtained the jewel. Satyabhama went to Hastinapur to inform Krishna about the cruel killing of her father by Shatadhanu. Krishna came back and resolved to kill him. Akrura and Kirtivarman refused to help Shatadhanu as they had witnessed the prowess of the Lord on many occasions. Shatadhanu, finding himself left on the lurch by the two traitors he had trusted, handed over the jewel to Akrura and made an escape. Krishna and Balarama chased him till the outskirts of Mythila. Krishna killed Shatadhanu but, to his disappointment, could not find the jewel with him. Krishna felt very sorry for killing poor Shatadhanu as it turned out to be futile. Balarama advised his brother to go back to Dvaraka to find out the person in whose custody it might have been left. Balarama, in the meanwhile, decided to stay in Mythila with his friend King Janaka for a few years, where he enjoyed the honoured hospitality. It was during this long period of stay, Duryodhana underwent the training of the use of the mace from Balarama.

Krishna went back to Dvaraka with the news of the death of Shatadhanu and the jewel still missing which evoked mixed feelings of sorrow and disappointment. Akrura and Kirtivarman went away from Dvaraka out of fear as nothing could be a secret from Krishna. Since there were unprecedented evils and calamities occurring, the people linked it with the departure of Akrura. The reason for the connection of the two was that Akrura’s father and his mother Gandhivi were believed to have brought showers when Indra withdrew the rains by his power. From that time, it was accepted that Akrura had inherited the powers of his parents to avert natural calamities. But Krishna thought it to be due to the disappearance of the syamantaka. Krishna brought back Akrura and after the formality of extending hospitality was over, he came straight to the point. Without mincing words, he told Akrura he was absolutely sure of the jewel being in his possession. He said he could keep it by all means but he would have to make a public confession particularly before his elder brother. He further told Akrura that the excessive flow of gold, for the altars during the countless sacrifices he has been performing, exposed him. Only that jewel had the merit of producing uninterrupted supply of gold in such large quantities. Finding himself check mated by Krishna, Akrura, like a dog with his tail between his legs, brought out the effulgent syamantaka jewel from under his upper garment and gave it to Krishna

Interesting Anecdotes


Lac palace: The Pandavas were always considered as thorns in their life by the Kauravas. They were conspiring against the Pandavas and finding means of getting them out of the way. Dhritharashtra planned a joint excursion to Varanavrata for attending some festivities. Duryodhana was inspired by his wicked ideas. Under the pretext of organising a comfortable night’s stay for his cousins in Varanavrata, he had a castle of lac built with all possible comforts. The hypocritical concern of the Kauravas was, in fact, one of their conspiracies to put an end to the perenial problem in the form of their cousins. They had not provided any exit for the palace. So, when the highly inflammable lac was set on fire with the entrance closed, the Pandavas would be burnt, with no way to escape. Vidura, the wise uncle, got wind of the treacherous plan. Without the knowledge of Duryodhana, he got a secret under ground passage to the palace prepared. He advised the Pandavas, in private, to escape through the subterranean exit well in advance of the fire in the castle. The Pandavas followed the instructions and with Kunti, their mother, reached a safe destination and remained in hiding in a forest nearby. But before they left, Bhima set fire to the castle so that the Kauravas would not know of their escape. Unfortunately, the builder of the castle, named Purochana and a Nishada family consisting of a woman with her five drunken sons got trapped inside in two different rooms. They were charred to death beyond recognition. Mistaking the burnt remains of the Nishada family as the Pandavas with their mother, the Kauravas were exhilarated at the demise of their cousins and gloated over their new found freedom. Krishna was aware of the real happening but made sure it was not leaked out by any chance. He too joined the Kauravas in the condolence gathering and pretended to grieve the death of the Pandu family.

Chapter 43: Narakasura encounter


The rivalry of the asuras and the deities was so strong and bitter that there was a constant battle between the two. Quite a few times, the deities were defeated and Indra dethroned. The added humiliation was that once Narakasura stole Indra’s umbrella and his mother Aditi’s ear-rings. What was more cruel was that Narakasura had locked up many women in his kingdom. As always, Krishna represented the deities to oppose the asuras. Krishna mounted his vehicle Garuda with Satyabhama by his side and landed in the city of Prajyotsana.

            This city of asura Mura was guarded by forests, mountain and other impenetrable, misleading devices as in a maze. The combined power of the Lord’s mace and discus razed the fortress to the ground. Asura Mura, who was sleeping under water, was awakened by the loud sound from the conch Panchajanya of Krishna. The five headed asura attacked with the three pronged shaft and his mace flew with great velocity towards Garuda. Krishna successfully arrested all of them and his sudarshana chakra finally killed the asura. The seven sons of Mura were enraged at the death of their father. Advised by Naraka to continue the fight, they entered the battlefield led by their commander-in-chief Pitha. Krishna proved too strong for the seven sons and they fell like nine pins. Naraka noticed that the army was incapable of any resistance against Krishna. He decided to accept the challenge himself. The two divine powers, Krishna and Garuda, wiped out the entire army without trace. Naraka now found himself standing alone in the combat. His powerful weapons like shakti and shataghni did not work against either Garuda or Krishna. Naraka fell to Sri Hari’s [Krishna’s] discus.                                                         

            Bhoomi, mother of Naraka, appeared before the Lord. She sang his praises and returned Aditi’s ear-rings and Indra’s umbrella. She bowed and apologized for the sins of her son. She requested the gracious Lord to show mercy by placing his hands on her son’s head. The lifeless body of Naraka that lay at Krishna’s feet was symbolic of his surrender, she said. Granting her requests, Krishna entered the prosperous city of Naraka. There he found Naraka had under his custody ten thousand and hundred celestial women. Handsome Krishna captivated their hearts and they wanted him to accept all of them as his wives.

            Krishna took those women clad in fine clothes in palanquins to Dvaraka. Going to Indrapuri, he handed over Aditi’s jewels and Indra’s umbrella. Satyabhama wished to have the celestial Parijata tree. Indra refused to permit Krishna to uproot it. Indra wanted Krishna’s help when he was in trouble but now having achieved his objective, he was prepared to stand up against his saviour for a Parijata tree. No need to say who the victor was. Krishna brought the tree and planted it in Satyabhama’s garden which attracted bees even from the celestial regions.



The women, who had been offered asylum in Krishna’s palace, were ever ready to serve him though there were attendants to take care of his needs. Krishna also reciprocated their love by assuming as many forms as the number of women and pleased them simultaneously.

Chapter 44: Jarasandha


 One day, Krishna was presiding over the assembly in the Sudarman hall. At that time, a royal emissary arrived to inform Krishna about the inhuman treatment the subordinate kings had to suffer in Jarasandha’s kingdom. Twenty thousand kings, who refused to yield to Jarasandha’s unreasonable demands, had been imprisoned. On behalf of all the suffering kings, he had come to place their submission at the feet of the Lord. They had complete faith in the Lord and were confident of their deliverance.

            Just then, Narada arrived with news from the Pandavas settled in Indraprastha. This was a barren uninhabitable land given by the Kauravas to their cousins under the impression that it would be of no use to them. The able management of Yudhishthira transformed the region into a fertile prosperous place with the assistance of the brothers. Indraprastha is the present day Delhi.

            
            Narada came with a request from Yudhishthira, inviting Krishna to the Rajasuya sacrifice, he intended to perform. Yudhishthira said by gracing the occasion, he would have the blessings of the Lord in full measure. Krishna consulted his intellectual confidante Uddhava for advice. Uddhava said, “You have to attend to two important matters just now. It is your duty to honour your cousin’s request. At the same time, the suffering kings at Jarasandha’s mercy have to be rescued. For the Rajasuya sacrifice to be successfully completed, Yudhishthira would have to establish his sovereignty. To accomplish that, the kings ruling the ten quarters would have to become his vassals and so Jarasandha would have to be subjugated. I feel it would be proper if you went to Indraprastha for the Rajasuya sacrifice. You would then be achieving both ends. To match the enormous strength of Jarasandha, Bhima would be the right choice to meet him directly in a duel.” Accepting the wise advice, Krishna, with the permission of the elders, prepared to leave for Indraprastha with his wives and sons. Satisfied with Krishna’s plan, Narada went his way singing and meditating on the Lord.

            Krishna ascended his Garuda while the others reached by road. Krishna was greeted with smiles by the people of Indraprastha. The large family of Krishna was comfortably accommodated with due respect.

            Yudhishthira formally sought the blessings of Mukunda [Krishna] to commence the Rajasuya, the best of all sacrifices. Krishna wholeheartedly blessed Yudhishthira for success as he had won over the Lord by his subdued passions, the first enemy of man. Krishna pointed out the initial step before the commencement of the sacrifice. It was to bring the kings of the ten quarters under him. He also assured Yudhishthira that he could rely on his brothers by entrusting them with the responsibility. They would surely make their elder brother proud. The sons of Pandu returned victorious with their flags flying high but unfortunately, by oversight, Jarasandha was left out and this lapse caused anxiety to Yudhshthira. Krishna pacified him by putting forth Uddhava’s plan to tackle Jarasandha.

            It is necessary to know the secret of Jarasandha’s birth to understand the strategy adopted to kill him. Jarasandha was the grandson of Uparichara Vasu of Ajamihira dynasty and the son of Brihadratha. Brihadratha had two wives. The first wife gave birth to four sons. But the unlucky second wife had a son in halves divided vertically across. Convinced that the mutilated child would cause endless sorrow and pain, she threw him away. A rakshasi named Jara picked up the two pieces and accidentally brought them together. To her surprise she had, in her hands, a live full fledged boy whom she brought up to be a strong man. Thus the name Jarasandha, meaning joined by Jara.

Despite the notorious cruelty of Jarasandha, he was very solicitous to brahmanas by his charitable disposition towards them. This prompted Krishna to go in the guise of a brahmana, to hook him into a commitment. Krishna, Arjuna and Bhima entered Girivraja, the kingdom of Jarasandha. In disguise, they presented themselves before the king. Krishna praised his generosity, pious nature and compared him to the great souls Harishchandra and Shibi who sacrificed their mortal body for a noble benevolent cause.

Shrewd Jarasandha could see through the disguise. From the marks of a warrior on their body, he could recognise them as kshatriyas but the emblem of a brahmana compelled him to grant their request even if it be his head. Recollecting the life of the daitya king Bali, highly praised even to this day for gifting himself to the Vamana, Jarasandha offered to grant any boon.

Having committed the king to a promise, Krishna revealed their identity and said they had come to have a straight one to one fight with him. The choice of the opponent was his, offered Krishna. Jarasandha was furious over the deceit but did not lose heart. Confident about himself, he sarcastically remarked, “I shall keep my word to you. I will not fight against you, a mere cowherd. You have not been fair in your dealings with me. Afraid of me, you hid under the ocean. Arjuna is not my equal, either in age or prowess. So he is ruled out. Bhima seems to be the right match for me to challenge in the duel.”

           The fierce mace fight between two equals went on which shook all the quarters and it appeared they would bring the heavens down. Both having proved their strength, Krishna began to think of a winning strategy. It occurred to him that the death of Jarasandha could be achieved only by undoing the secret of his existence which was made possible by rakshasi Jara. Krishna picked up a twig and broke it vertically across demonstrating the method of killing him. Bhima intelligently got the clue and holding by his legs threw Jarasandha on the ground. Bhima pressed firm one leg of the enemy by his own and ripped the other vertically through by pulling it with his hands. Jarasandha kept coming up alive as the two pieces would join into a whole, the way Jara had joined them. Puzzled Bhima paused for a moment to understand the hint given by Krishna. Grasping the full meaning, Bhima became wise. Bhima placed one piece in an inverted direction so that realignment was not possible and thus Jarasandha met his end. Krishna installed Sahadeva, the son of Jarasandha, on the throne of Magadha and released the imprisoned kings. The death of Jarasandha did not, however, clear the way for Yudhishthira. He had to face an obstruction of another vicious person before he could complete his Rajasuya sacrifice

Chapter 45: Shishupala


The completion of the rajasuya sacrifice was not an easy task for Yudhishthira even though Jarasandha was dead. The next hurdle was Shishupala whose anger was still soaring high against Krishna after the Rukmini abduction episode. It all started with a decision taken unanimously with the exception of Shishupala. There was a deep deliberation as to who from the large congregation of pious learned people should occupy the prestigious seat of honour. Bhishma suggested Krishna’s name. Sahadeva, the well versed brother of Yudhishthira, proposed Krishna as the most worthy person for the honoured position. He explained, “He is the Universal Lord, guardian, protector, omniscient, omnipotent, saviour of all during times of difficulty and above everything else he is impartial in conferring his benevolence. His qualities are outstanding and therefore he is the ideal person for the honour.” Sahadeva’s recommendation was acclaimed with total consensus by the august assembly of guests. Yudhishthira and family, enraptured by the overwhelming support for Krishna, washed his feet with respect and adorned him suitably for the occasion. The public paid their obeisance with their palms joined together and showering of flowers.

  
            Witnessing the all round felicitations, Shishupala got up from his seat with his hands raised to stop the proceedings. He accused the learned for allowing their intellectual power to be incapacitated of right thinking by the immature speech of a youngster. His speech was surcharged with anger and hatred. He said, “In this galaxy of eminent scholars, how could you nod your heads to place a cowherd on the pedestal of highest honour? He belongs to a community of Yadavas that has been ousted for over indulgence in the consumption of alcohol. As for his personal standing, Krishna has no family to call his own nor does he have a well directed pursuit in life. In a nutshell he is nothing but a vagabond. Such a person who does not have a respectable antecedence is ineligible for any kind of adoration, what to speak of elevated honour.” The entire assembly of pious people felt that this kind of uncivilized outburst of hatred should not be tolerated and decided to boycott him enmasse. Pandavas also thought it disrespectful to Krishna if they continued to stay there, hearing the venomous words. The empty hall with just his supporters hanging on was an insult to Shishupala. With his sword drawn, he charged towards Krishna, sitting undaunted by the disruption created by his cousin. Krishna was keeping count of his sinful words and finally when the limit of endurance had been surpassed, the discus went flying and sliced the neck to dislodge Shishupala’s head. The miracle that occurred after his death, left the onlookers flabbergasted. A bright radiance emanated from the lifeless body and entered into Krishna. Emancipation of a wicked person like Shishupala doubly convinces us the merciful attitude of the Lord. The Lord blesses those who constantly think of him even if it be out of enmity like Shishupala or Kamsa.

Interesting Anecdotes


Shishupala: Shishupala was the son of the king of Chedi. His mother was the sister of Vasudeva and the aunt of Krishna. When Shishupala was born, he had three eyes and four hands. He brayed like a donkey on birth. The mother was extremely scared to have such an unusually odd son. Fear prompted her to get rid of the child by killing it. A heavenly voice said, “Do not kill the child. He is destined to become a king. The time of his death has not approached though the person to kill him has already taken birth.” To this the queen was eager to know the identity of the person. The voice replied, “When the child’s extra arms and eye fall on coming in contact with a particular person, understand him to be your son’s killer.”

The parents had no peace of mind till they knew the person who would be responsible for their son’s death. People from far and near were called to lift the child to find out the mysterious person. Balarama and Krishna heard about the birth of their cousin and came on a visit. As soon as Krishna lifted the infant, the extra arms and eye fell down. Krishna’s aunt was shocked to know that her nephew was going to kill her son. She begged Krishna to pardon her son if he committed any sin and spare his life. Krishna gave his word to his aunt to pardon her son not for one sin but for a hundred transgressions of moral and ethical conduct. Trusting that her nephew would not belie his words, her anxiety was calmed for the present. She had secured a generous concession which she did not expect her son to exceed in his life. To keep his promise to his aunt, Krishna did not react till Shishupala crossed the hundred mark limit while he was heaping abuses. He deployed his discus for sending his head rolling to the ground.

 




Om Tat Sat
                                                        
(Continued...) 

(My humble salutations to Kasturis dot com and  Hinduism dot org for the   collection)

(A Tribute to the great Bharatiya Samskruti)

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